在本文中,我们主要解介绍 Fedora core 4.0 通过软件包管理工具yum来在线安装更新软件;关于apt工具应用,我们会在另外一篇中介绍;
一、 yum 的使用;
有些初学Linux的弟兄可能问,为什么不用系统自带的图形化工具up2date来升级,却要用 yum呢。其实大家用一用就知道了,up2date 真是奇慢无比,而且经常失去响应;造成机器假死的情况。所以我们还是试一试yum ;另外freshrpms.net 可能比官方站更快的更新升级源,也没有理由不用 yum;
1、首先我们要到下面的地址下载与自己系统相对应的版本的 yum;
http://ayo.freshrpms.net/
比如我用的是Fedora core 4.0 就下载如下的包安装;
[root@localhost beinan]# rpm -ivh freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm warning: freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e42d547b Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:freshrpms-release ########################################### [100%]
2、安装软件举例;
比如我要安装能听mp3的 bmp-mp3,只要输入下面的命令行即可,系统就自己工作了;
[root@localhost beinan]# yum install bmp-mp3
内容全景如下:
[root@localhost beinan]# yum install bmp-mp3 Setting up Install Process Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 42 kB 00:03 freshrpms : ################################################## 122/122 Added 122 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.72 seconds Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for bmp-mp3 to pack into transaction set. bmp-mp3-0.9.7-1.2.fc4.i38 100% |=========================| 2.9 kB 00:00 ---> Package bmp-mp3.i386 0:0.9.7-1.2.fc4 set to be updated --> Running transaction check --> Processing Dependency: libid3-3.8.so.3 for package: bmp-mp3 --> Processing Dependency: libbeep.so.2 for package: bmp-mp3 --> Processing Dependency: bmp >= 0.9.7 for package: bmp-mp3 --> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes. --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for id3lib to pack into transaction set. id3lib-3.8.3-11.fc4.i386. 100% |=========================| 38 kB 00:05 ---> Package id3lib.i386 0:3.8.3-11.fc4 set to be updated ---> Downloading header for bmp to pack into transaction set. bmp-0.9.7-10.fc4.i386.rpm 100% |=========================| 14 kB 00:03 ---> Package bmp.i386 0:0.9.7-10.fc4 set to be updated --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: bmp-mp3 i386 0.9.7-1.2.fc4 freshrpms 95 k Installing for dependencies: bmp i386 0.9.7-10.fc4 extras 912 k id3lib i386 3.8.3-11.fc4 extras 752 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 3 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 1.7 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/3): id3lib-3.8.3-11.fc 100% |=========================| 752 kB 01:04 (2/3): bmp-0.9.7-10.fc4.i 100% |=========================| 912 kB 02:14 (3/3): bmp-mp3-0.9.7-1.2. 100% |=========================| 95 kB 00:05 Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing: bmp ######################### [1/3] Installing: id3lib ######################### [2/3] Installing: bmp-mp3 ######################### [3/3] Installed: bmp-mp3.i386 0:0.9.7-1.2.fc4 Dependency Installed: bmp.i386 0:0.9.7-10.fc4 id3lib.i386 0:3.8.3-11.fc4 Complete!
注:yum优点:软件包依赖关系自行解决,比如上面的,我们可以看到本来我们只安装的是bmp-mp3,结果yum 安装也安装了 id3lib ;bmp
二、yum的一点小用法;
1、查询软件包;
面对成千上万的软件,我们可能无从下手,有时也不知道它的文件名;这时就要用到查询;我们可以用 yum list 来列出yum升级源上的包有文件;然后我们再来查看 info 有以下几个组合可以用;比如;
[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |more
加上一个管道 |,然后 more 一下,就能把所有的包分页显示出来。然后按一下空格键就能看下一页了。在显示的软件列表中,会有软件名称、版本、是否安装等;仔细的看一下吧。熟悉了就好了。也没有什么难的。
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