前言
在前面我们已经讲过怎么样制作软盘上运行的FreeBSD和OpenBSD系统,现在我们来看看怎么样制作一个运行在软盘上的NetBSD系统。同软盘中的OpenBSD系统一样,我们还是将系统中的所有配制文件及程序全部存放到NetBSD的内核中,这样整个系统看起来就是一个文件。下面让我们具体来看看怎么样完成这样一个微系统的制作。
0、NetBSD的启动过程
当硬盘MBR中的引导程序接过启动之后,MBR中的程序将读入硬盘NetBSD分区中的引导程序,引导程序默认情况下会加载/boot,然后由 boot载入内核/netbsd,此时内核开始检测一些硬件和做一些初始化。初始化完成后kernel将mount root device,然后启动系统初始化进程/sbin/init,init将根据/etc/rc中的设置来进行初始化等。
1、定制RAMDISK内核
要使用RAMDISK in KERNEL就必须在内核配制文件中加入以下选项:
options MEMORY_DISK_HOOKS options MEMORY_DISK_IS_ROOT # force root on memory disk options MEMORY_DISK_SERVER=0 options MEMORY_DISK_ROOT_SIZE=10000 # size of memory disk, in blocks options MEMORY_RBFLAGS=0x00 # boot in to multi-user mode pseudo-device md 1 # memory disk device (ramdisk)
以上的内核参数意义如下:
MEMORY_DISK_ROOT_SIZE : 内存磁盘大小,以块为单位 MEMORY_RBFLAGS=0x00 : 启动到多用户模式
以下是在我机器上使用的一个内核配制文件
include "arch/i386/conf/std.i386"
#options INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE # embed config file in kernel binary
makeoptions COPTS="-Os" # Optimise for space. Implies -O2
# Enable the hooks used for initializing the root memory-disk. options MEMORY_DISK_HOOKS options MEMORY_DISK_IS_ROOT # force root on memory disk options MEMORY_DISK_SERVER=1 # 0 readonly 1 writable options MEMORY_DISK_ROOT_SIZE=10000 # size of memory disk, in blocks options MEMORY_RBFLAGS=0x00 # boot in to multi-user mode
maxusers 48 # estimated number of users
# CPU support. At least one is REQUIRED. options I386_CPU options I686_CPU
# CPU-related options. options MATH_EMULATE # floating point emulation
# This option allows you to force a serial console at the specified # I/O address. #options CONSDEVNAME="\"com\"",CONADDR=0x3f8,CONSPEED=9600
# Avoid irq 5 and 7, the most likely cause of problems on modern laptops. options PCIC_ISA_INTR_ALLOC_MASK=0xff5f
# Standard system options
options INSECURE # disable kernel security levels
options RTC_OFFSET=0 # hardware clock is this many mins. west of GMT #options NTP # NTP phase/frequency locked loop
options USERCONF # userconf(4) support options PIPE_SOCKETPAIR # smaller, but slower pipe(2) options MALLOC_NOINLINE # Not inlining MALLOC saves memory
# File systems file-system FFS # UFS file-system MFS # memory file system file-system MSDOSFS # MS-DOS file system file-system KERNFS # /kern
options VNODE_OP_NOINLINE # Not inlining vnode op calls saves mem
# Networking options options GATEWAY # packet forwarding options INET # IP + ICMP + TCP + UDP #options PFIL_HOOKS # pfil(9) packet filter hooks
# builtin terminal emulations options WSEMUL_VT100 # VT100 / VT220 emulation # different kernel output - see dev/wscons/wsdisplayvar.h options WS_KERNEL_FG=WSCOL_BLACK options WS_KERNEL_BG=WSCOL_WHITE # compatibility to other console drivers #options WSDISPLAY_COMPAT_PCVT # emulate some ioctls #options WSDISPLAY_COMPAT_SYSCONS # emulate some ioctls #options WSDISPLAY_COMPAT_USL # VT handling #options WSDISPLAY_COMPAT_RAWKBD # can get raw scancodes # see dev/pckbc/wskbdmap_mfii.c for implemented layouts #options PCKBD_LAYOUT="(KB_DE | KB_NODEAD)" # allocate a number of virtual screens at autoconfiguration time #options WSDISPLAY_DEFAULTSCREENS=4 # use a large software cursor that doesn't blink options PCDISPLAY_SOFTCURSOR # modify the screen type of the console; defaults to "80x25" #options VGA_CONSOLE_SCREENTYPE="\"80x24\""
# Kernel root file system and dump configuration. config netbsd root on ? type ? #config netbsd root on sd0a type ffs #config netbsd root on ? type nfs
# # Device configuration #
mainbus0 at root
cpu* at mainbus?
apm0 at mainbus0 # Advanced power management
# Basic Bus Support
# PCI bus support pci* at mainbus? bus ? pci* at pchb? bus ? pci* at ppb? bus ?
# PCI bridges pchb* at pci? dev ? function ? # PCI-Host bridges pceb* at pci? dev ? function ? # PCI-EISA bridges pcib* at pci? dev ? function ? # PCI-ISA bridges ppb* at pci? dev ? function ? # PCI-PCI bridges # XXX 'puc's aren't really bridges, but there's no better place for them here puc* at pci? dev ? function ? # PCI "universal" comm. cards
# ISA bus support isa0 at mainbus? isa0 at pceb? isa0 at pcib?
# ISA Plug-and-Play bus support isapnp0 at isa?
# Coprocessor Support
# Math Coprocessor support npx0 at isa? port 0xf0 irq 13 # x86 math coprocessor
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