Mike Chirico (mchirico@users.sourceforge.net) or (mchirico@comcast.net)
Copyright (c) 2005 (GNU Free Documentation License)
Last Updated: Sun Nov 13 09:07:31 EST 2005
The latest version of this document can be found at:
http://souptonuts.sourceforge.net/cdrom.htm
Create a Custom Live Linux CD - Leveraging BusyBox and OpenSSH
These steps will show you how to create a functioning Linux system, with the latest 2.6 kernel compiled from source, and how to integrate the BusyBox utilities including the installation of DHCP. Plus, how to compile in the OpenSSH package. The system will have full ssh capabilities. The techniques for compiling and installing software can be universally applied to your own packages. So, once you understand the process, you are free to recreate your own system -- there is a lot of free space.
On system boot-up a filesystem will be created and the contents from the CD will be uncompressed and completely loaded into RAM -- the CD could be removed at this point for boot-up on a second computer. You can take over any PC assuming you have configured the kernel with the appropriate drivers and the PC can boot from a CD.
QUICK INSTALL: Confirmation that Everything Works - Before Rolling You Own
Quick step 1:
Download "cdrom_linux_boot_proj1.iso" and burn this iso on your cdrom. Next, reboot the system. This is a check to see if the current kernel has been compiled with the necessary network, video, and keyboard (USB included) drivers. If critical drivers are not recognized they can be added into the kernel.
Quick step 2:
Download the complete project environment "proj1.tar.gz." This includes everything used to build and customize "cdrom_linux_boot_proj1.iso", including the BusyBox source, libraries, and ssh. The directory "_install" contains the necessary libraries for ssh, init and tcpdump. The 2.6.11 kernel ".config" can be found in the documents directory. The staging area contains a copy of the kernel bzImage, along with the isolinux boot loader. The "proj1.tar.gz" file is about 13M, since it includes everything you need, except the kernel source, which can be downloaded from the following link:
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/
Step 8 covers the configuration and installation of the latest kernel. At this stage, download the project environment "proj1.tar.gz" from the following link:
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/proj1.tar.gz
You must "tar -xzf" this file as root to get all the necessary character and block devices. Standard user accounts cannot create all the necessary block and character devices that will be needed. Try "tar -xzf" under an account without root privileges to see the differences in the files created under "_install/dev".
If you're curious about the difference between character devices and block devices, you may want to reference the Linux Journal article
http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2890
In summary, only block devices can mount filesystems. But character devices, such as a tape drive can contain data found on a block device.
Checking the download:
a. Check the md5sum to make sure you got the full copy, then, "tar -xzf" the package.
$ md5sum proj1.tar.gz
b. Now as root, so that you will get all "dev/" devices, execute the following command.
[Must be done as root]
$ su -
# cd <to project directory>
# tar -xzf proj1.tar.gz
If you did the above as root, then you should have the following:
[root@third-fl-71 _install]# ls -l dev
total 8
crw------- 1 root root 5, 1 Feb 25 20:41 console
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Mar 6 09:22 core -> /proc/kcore
brw-rw-rw- 1 root floppy 2, 0 Feb 20 17:37 fd0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 3, 0 Mar 5 04:32 hda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 3, 1 Mar 5 20:37 hda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 3, 2 Mar 5 20:38 hda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 3, 3 Mar 5 21:02 hda3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 3, 4 Mar 5 21:02 hda4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 5 21:13 mapper
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Feb 20 17:37 null
crw-rw-rw- 1 root tty 5, 2 Feb 26 12:54 ptmx
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 4 05:33 pts
brw------- 1 root disk 1, 0 Feb 20 17:37 ram0
brw-rw-rw- 1 root disk 1, 1 Feb 20 17:37 ram1
brw-rw-rw- 1 root disk 1, 2 Feb 20 17:37 ram2
brw-rw-rw- 1 root disk 1, 3 Feb 20 17:37 ram3
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 8 Feb 26 03:23 random
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Mar 5 04:32 sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Mar 5 04:32 sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 Mar 5 04:32 sda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 3 Mar 5 21:02 sda3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 4 Mar 5 21:02 sda4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Mar 6 09:22 stderr -> /proc/self/fd/2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Mar 6 09:22 stdin -> /proc/self/fd/0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Mar 6 09:22 stdout -> /proc/self/fd/1
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 5, 0 Feb 21 18:32 tty
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4, 0 Feb 20 17:37 tty0
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4, 1 Feb 20 22:38 tty1
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4, 2 Feb 26 08:24 tty2
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4, 3 Feb 26 08:24 tty3
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4, 4 Feb 26 08:24 tty4
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4, 5 Feb 26 08:24 tty5
crw------- 1 root root 4, 6 Mar 1 19:34 tty6
crw-rw---- 1 root root 4, 7 Mar 1 14:33 tty7
crw-rw---- 1 root root 4, 8 Mar 1 14:33 tty8
crw-rw---- 1 root tty 4, 9 Mar 1 14:33 tty9
cr--r--r-- 1 root root 1, 9 Feb 26 03:23 urandom
crw------- 1 vcsa tty 7, 0 Mar 1 14:33 vcs
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 Feb 26 03:23 zero
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